Oakmead Herbarium: Floristic References
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"The vegetation of Jasper Ridge was originally mainly chaparral. Large portions have been cleared of the bushy growth, quite certainly within a century, and the cleared areas are now expanses of wild oats (Avena fatua and A. barbata), with scattered oaks, especially Quercus douglasii, which is peculiarly characteristic of such secondary areas." -- Cooper (1922), p. 32.
"The ridgetop is bisected by serpentine soils, which are distinct from adjacent soils in being shallow, nutrient-poor, and high in some heavy metals . . . The serpentine soils support a grassland community that is dominated by a diverse array of native annual forbs, but also includes perennial forbs, bunchgrasses, and annual grasses, most of which are also native. Similar grassland communities occur on serpentine throughout west-central California and are considered remnants of native grassland that once occurred on more fertile soils." -- Moloney et al. (1992).
Historical vegetation: Bocek 1992; Brown 2005; Clarke 1959; Cooper 1922, 1926; Johnson 2001; Rawlings 2023; Timby 1987
For additional references search the Research Publications database. Geological Time Scale.
Serpentine Prairie Area H, April 1969; Herb Dengler Collection
- Amme, D. Historical Works of California Native Grasses and Grassland Management (Introduction to the CNGA California Native Grass and Grassland Management Bibliography).
- Armstrong, J; Huenneke, L. 1993. Spatial and Temporal Variation in Species Composition in California Grasslands: The Interaction of Drought and Substratum. In The Vegetation of Ultramafic (Serpentine) Soils, Proceedings of the First Int. Conference on Serpentine Ecology. Andover, Hampshire: Intercept Ltd. [Note 0.1]
- Baker, J. 1974. The distribution of Phoradendron villosum on different species of Quercus. Biology 178 project, Jasper Ridge Paper (JR-74), SU Item TECB-426 (Technical Reports), Stanford University, 19p.
- Baldwin, B. et. al. (ed.). 2012. The Jepson Manual, Vascular Plants of California, 2nd ed. University of California Press.
- Barbour, M. et. al. (ed.). 2007. Terrestrial Vegetation of California.
- Barry, T. et al. 2013. Lessingia hololeuca survey at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve 2012.
- Barry, T; Yost, J. 2013. Upslope downslope: coexistence of two goldfields. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve 2012-2013 Annual Report.
- Barton, K. 1998. Intensity of herbivory in Arbutus menziesii varies between communities. Independent project paper for Bio 181 (Field Ecology), Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University
- Belton, L. 1998. Effect of path width on the magnitude of the gradient of grassland plant species’ abundance. Independent project paper for Bio 181 (Field Ecology), Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University
- Bird, J. 2013. Predicting Slender False Brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum) Invasion in the Santa Cruz Mountains, California.
- Birnie, L. et al. 1977. Some drought responses of a California Grassland. Jasper Ridge Papers 1977 pt. A. (Currently available in print only)
- Blachly, L. 1977. A comparison of the bare zone on serpentine and sandstone soils. Biology 178 project, Jasper Ridge Paper (JR-77), SU Item TECB-429 (Technical Report), Stanford University, 51p.
- Blackmarr, James. 1969. Ecology of Rhus diversiloba on Jasper Ridge: variability and its relation to environmental parameters. Biology 178 project, Jasper Ridge Paper (JR-69), SU Item TECB-430 (Technical Reports), Stanford University, 12p.
- Blau, K. 1996. Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea acts as a mother-plant or nursery-plant. Biology 96 project, Jasper Ridge Paper, Stanford University, 6 p.
- Bocek, B. 1981. Natural Resources of the San Francisco Creek drainage. Unpublished ms.
- Bocek, B; Reese, E. 1992. Land Use History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. Research Report No. 8.
- Boutell, A. Guide to Conyza (horseweed). Photographs of leaves need to be added
- Bjorkman, Monica. n.d. Planted oaks at JRBP.
- Bradshaw, R. 1926. The Mosses of Stanford University and Vicinity. The Bryologist 29:33-36.
- Brown, A. 2005. Reconstructing early historical landscapes in the Northern Santa Clara Valley.
- Brown, A. 1966. Sawpits in the Spanish redwoods, 1787-1849. San Mateo (Calif); San Mateo County Historical Association.
- Brown, DE. 1986. Investigation of Herb Dengler's plot #19: Year 1986. Biology 195 project, Jasper Ridge Paper, SU Item TECB-642 (Technical Reports), Stanford University, 10p + appendices.
- Bullock, M. 1974. Competition as a factor in Serpentine-Sandstone Vegetation Patterns. Bio 178. Plantago erecta, Lolium, Bromus diandrus.
- Buntner B; Corelli, T. McNaughton revised twenty years later. [data not compiled]
- Burcham, L. 1957. California rangeland. Sacramento: California Dept. Nat. Resources, Div. Forestry.
- Burcham, L. 1975. Climate, structure, and history of California's annual grassland ecosystem. In The California annual grassland ecosystem. Ed. by Love. University of California, Davis: Institute of Ecology Publication 7:7-14.
- Burchell, B. 1976. Light and chemical effects in the Aesculus californica -Anthriscus scandicina association. Biology 178 project, Jasper Ridge Paper (JR-76), SU Item TECB-435 (Technical Reports), Stanford University, 17p.
- Burnham, S. 1907. Notes on the Flora of San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties, CA. Muhlenbergia 3 no.5:73-78. Dichelostemma multiflorum, Euonymous occidentalis, Malvastrum arcuatum, Mimulus cardinalis, Petasites palmata, inter alia.
- California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2021. Special Vascular Plants, Bryophytes, and Lichens List, California Department of Fish and Wildlife.
- Chandik, T. 1996. Plants that bloom in the Summer heat. Foothills Nature Notes.
- Chapin, S.J. 1969. Grassland across a sandstone-serpentine contact. Senior Honors Paper, Department of Biological Sciences, SU Item TECB-596 (Technical Reports), Stanford University.
- Chiariello, N. C4 species at JRBP.
- Chiariello, N; Hickman, J; Mooney, H. 1982. Endomycorrhizal role for interspecific transfer of phosphorus in a community of annual plants. Science 217:941-43.
- Chiariello, N. 2008. The State of the Preserve Assessment.
- Clarke, W. The Vegetation Cover of the San Francisco Bay Region in the Early Spanish Period. MA Thesis, Univerity of California, 1959.
- Clements. F. 1920. Plant Indicators: the relation of plant communities to process and practice. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Institution of Washington. [Note 0.3]
- Consortium of California Herbaria (CCH2).
- Cooper, W. 1917. Redwoods, Rainfall and Fog. The Plant World 20:179-189
- Cooper, W. 1922. The broad-sclerophyll vegetation of California: an ecological study of chaparral and its related communities. Carnegie Inst. of Washington. Cooper Transect Mapped [Note 1]
- Cooper, W. 1926. Vegetational development upon alluvial fans in the vicinity of Palo Alto, Calfornia. Ecology 7:325-473.
- Corelli, T. 2004. Fall Color. JRBP Field Notes..
- Corelli, T. 2004. Flowering plants of Edgewood Natural Preserve. Illustrated by Linda Bea Miller and Judy Mason. 2nd ed. Monocot Press.
- Corelli, T. 2004. Oak Mistletoe. JRBP Field Notes.
- Corelli, T. 2004. Plants that like hosts. JRBP Field Notes. Includes location, habitat, flowering time for Orobanches, etc.
- Corelli, T. 2004. Willows. JRBP Field Notes. March.
- Corelli, T. 2005. Green Ribbons and Bows. JRBP Field Notes. April.
- Corelli, T. 2005. Illustrated field guide to the woody plants of the Santa Cruz Mountains. Monocot Press.
- Corelli, T. 2005. Step up to the barberry. JRBP Field Notes. February: 6.
- Corelli, T. 2005. An unwanted plant: Parentucellia viscosa. JRBP Field Notes. June: 6.
- Corelli, T. 2010. Key to Rumex.
- Corelli, T. 2010. Trifoliums of San Mateo and Santa Clara County.
- Corelli, T. 2011. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties.
- Corelli, T. 2012. Edgewood County Park and Natural Preserve Vascular Plant List. 5th ed. Available from corelli [at] coastside.net
- Corelli, T. 2012. Woody Plants at Jasper Ridge.
- Corelli, T. 2013. Some Plants growing on Trail 1 Serpentine.
- Corelli. T; Chandik, Z. 1995. The rare and endangered plants of San Mateo and Santa Clara County. Monocot Press.
- Crampton, B. 1976. Native Perennial Grasses of Potential Use in Ornamental or other Plantings.
- D'Antonio, C. et al. [2003]. Ecology and Restoration of California Grasslands with special emphasis on the influence of fire and grazing on native grassland species.
- Dengler. H. 1953. Vegetational Formations and Societies of Dominants on Jasper Ridge Transect. . .
- Dengler, H. n.d. Some of the place names in my field notes since 1953. Locations may be approximate. . .
- Dengler, H. 1962-1964. [Notebook]: 1-95. Transcribed by Zoe Chandik & Nona Chiariello in 2011.
- Dengler, H. 1973-1977. [Notebook]: this transcription covers pages 96-111 of the document retrieved. Transcribed by Zoe Chandik & Nona Chiariello in 2011.
- Dengler, H. 1975. A List of Vascular Plants of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. [Plants observed over decades without locations, dates, or other comments; the source of the majority of unconfirmed reports on the Preserve plant list. Its 1984 supplement has useful annotations.]
- Dengler, H. 1977. [Letter from Richard Holm to Herb Dengler 6/9/1977]. Included in retrieved document. "We are planning to have a reference herbarium of the plants of Jasper Ridge at Herrin Labs." This letter is included in the collection "List of plants for proposed update of Porter, D. 1962".
- Dengler, H. 1977. [List of plants for proposed update of Porter, D. 1962].
- Dengler, H. 1984. Supplement to his 1975 A List of Vascular Plants . . .
- Dengler, H. 1992. "For me it is a first. And thanks for the specimen." [Letter from John Tucker to Herb Dengler about Quercus douglasii x Q. durata].
- Dirzo, R. Dirzo Lab. Also see JRBP Research Publications.
- Dirzo, R. 2014. Oak Trees: Dominant and Vulnerable. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve 2013-2014 Annual Report.
- Doel, J. 1996. Key to the commoner lichens on Jasper Ridge.
- Doel, J; Wright, D. 1996. Macrolichens of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, San Mateo County, California. Bulletin of the California Lichen Society 3,1:1-8.
- Dremmen, S. 2018. Invasion of stinkwort worries environmentalists: Open-space managers, environmentalists battle to keep weed from taking over. Palo Alto Online.
- Dudley, W. [1893-1910]. Distribution of Trees and Shrubs on Jasper Ridge.
- Edwards, SW. 1992. Observations on the prehistory and ecology of grazing in California. Fremontia 20:3-11.
- Edwards, SW. 1994. Creating an authentic California meadow. The Four Seasons 9(4):4-16.
- Edwards, SW. 1995. Notes on grazing and native plants in central California. The Four Seasons 10:61-66.
- Franco, G. 1976. Grazing Effects on Oak Distribution in Jasper Ridge and Adjacent Areas. The author used aerial photographs taken between 1928 and 1970 and field investigation to determine that oak regeneration was taking place in the ridge-top grassland since grazing was excluded in 1960. She finds regeneration is not taking place on SLAC lands where grazing continued.
- Fukami, T. Fukami Lab. Also see JRBP Research Publications.
- Griffin, J. 1981. List of all species in sandstone plots in blue oak woodland at JRBP. [Vegetation studies, unpublished data. Open blue oak woodland, located north of ridgetop grassland on sandstone-derived soils, 2 20x50 m plots. Serpentine grassland, 1 20x50 m plot.]
- Grundmann, A. 1983. Grasses found in the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve . . . species identified ca. 1973 by H. G. Dengler.
- Grundmann, A. 1985. Trail Map 1/85.
- Grundmann, A. 1988. Trail Map 12/88. Shows several abandoned trails and routes of floristic interest.
- Hadly, E. Hadly Lab. Also see JRBP Research Publications.
- Halsey, R. 2004. In Search of Allelopathy: An Eco-Historical View of the Investigation of Chemical Inhibitionin California Coastal Sage Scrub and Chamise. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 131: 343-367. Discusses Bruce Bartholomew's work at Jasper Ridge.
- Hamilton, J. 1997. Changing Perceptions of Pre-European Grasslands in California. Madroño 44: 311-333. [Note 2]
- Hamilton, J. et al. 1999. Coexistence and interference between a native perennial grass and non-native annual grasses in California. Oecologia: 121:518-526, [Note 2.5]
- Hamilton, J. Long-term Population Dynamics of Native Nassella (Poaceae) Bunchgrasses in Central California.
- Hartwig, D. Guide to the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Records SC0619.
- Hauser, D; Keuter, A. et al. 2017. The evolution and diversifi cation of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae). Am. J.of Bot 104 (10): 1-15.
- Heady, H. 1977. Valley grassland. Pages 419-414. In Terrestrial vegetation of California. Ed. by Barbour, MG. and Major, J. New York: Wiley.
- Hickman, J. (ed.). 1993. The Jepson Manual, Higher Plants of California. University of California Press.
- Hickman, J; Thomas, J. 1983. Explosive population growth in Limosella acaulis (Scrophulariaceae) [Draft].
- Hobbs, R. et. al. 2007. Long-term data reveal complex dynamics in grassland in relation to climate and disturbance. Ecological Monographs: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 545-568. [Note 2.6]
- Hobbs, R; Mooney, H. 1985. Community and population dynamics of serpentine grassland annuals in relation to gopher disturbance. Oecologia 67:342-351.
- Hobbs, R; Mooney, H. 1986. Community changes following shrub invasion of grassland. Oecologia 70:508-513.
- Holl, J. 2003. Plant Diversity at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. Fremontia 31,1:5-10
- Holm, R. 1977. [Letter from Richard Holm to Herb Dengler 6/9/1977]. Included in retrieved document. "We are planning to have a reference herbarium of the plants of Jasper Ridge at Herrin Labs." This letter is included in the collection "List of plants for proposed update of Porter, D. 1962".
- Hopkins, N. 1986. Mycorrhizae in a California serpentine grassland community. Canadian J. of Botany 65:484-87.
- Hopkinson, P. et al. 2008. Italian ryegrass: A New Central California Dominant? Fremontia 36: 20-24. [Lolium multiflorum, Festuca perenne]
- Huenneke, L. et al. 1990. Effects of Soil Resources on Plant Invasion and Community Structure in Californian Serpentine Grassland. Ecology 71:478-491. [Note 2.7]
- Hullar, T. 1987. Seven Oaks and Some Oak Hybrids, Present In the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve. Biology 196 Project, Jasper Ridge Paper, Su Item Tecb-646 (Technical Reports), Stanford University, 6p.
- Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve see JRBP
- Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment. 2012. JRGCE Plant List recorded from JRGCE plots (and buffer zones; note, this does not represent the entire fenced area).
- Jasper Ridge Papers 1941-1994. Author/Title list.
- Jewett, E. 2005. Documenting Plant Diversity: Jasper Ridge's Herbarium. Views.
- Johnson, C. 2001. Native grass stand and rarity, threat, and structure in the central coast ranges. MA
- JRBP Research Publications [ database].
- JRBP. 1985. Trail Map 1/85.
- JRBP. 1988. Trail Map 12/88. Shows several abandoned trails and routes of floristic interest.
- JRBP. 1996. Vegetation Communities.
- JRBP. 2004. Vegetation Communities.
- JRBP. 2014. Vegetation Communities (Affiliates sign in). This version of the vegetation communities map approximates the current system used by the California Native Plant Society: Natural Communities List.
- JRBP. 2005. Sector Map Book of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve (Affiliates sign in)
- JRBP. 2008. CNPS rapid vegetation surveys Jasper Ridge, 3/25/08.
- Keeley, J. 2003. Native American impacts on fire regimes of the California coastal ranges. Journal of Biogeography 29:303-320.
- Keeley, J. 2005. Fire history of the San Francisco East Bay region and implications for landscape patterns. International J. of Wildland Fire 14: 285-296. Table 1, p.294, "Proposed time line of changes in vegetation and disturbance history . . ." applies also to the SF Peninsula and is consistent with Cooper (1922) and more recent Jasper Ridge studies (Franko, 1976; Hoobs & Mooney, 1986).
- Keeley, J. 2017. Characters in Arctostaphylos Taxonomy Madroño 64, No. 4: 138-153
- Knoche, Herman. 1929. Also Pioneers. "When I was a child our hills were a blaze of color in spring time . . . What is it now?"
- Koenig, W. 2015. Variable Acorn Production by California Oaks. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve 2014-2015 Annual Report.
- Kosola, K. 1982. Adaptation by non-native grasses to a local serpentine soil. Honors Thesis. No 195 in Jasper Ridge Papers 1941-1994. (Currently available only in paper)
- Kriewall, J. 2001. Review of Three Dirca Species with special emphasis on D. occidentalis. Docent Research Report. Includes location and abundance map.
- Keuter, A; Manos, PS. 2019. Agrifoliae: the California Red Oaks. International Oaks, 30: 191-202.
- Lambrecht, A. 2020. Danthonia californica occurrences in a vernally wet area at Jasper Ridge. Distribution Map.
- Lebsack, C. 1976. The invasion of Baccharis pilularis into the grassland. Senior Honors Paper, Department of Biological Sciences, SU Item TECB-603 Technical Reports, Stanford University, 6 p.
- López-Sánchez, A et al. 2014. Effects of cattle management on oak regeneration in northern Californian Mediterranean oak woodlands. PLoS One
- McCarten, N. 1993. Serpentines of the San Francisco Bay Region: Vegetation, Floristics, Distribution of Soils. Revised ed.
- Macdonald, I. et al. 1988. Introduced Species in Nature Reserves in Mediterranean-type Climatic Regions of the World. Biological Conservation 44: 37-66.
- Macklin, E. 1987. A Partial List of the Flora seen with Herb Dengler on May 14, 1987. Included with the following:
- Macklin, E. 1988. A Partial List of the Vascular Plants . . . Loop from Escobar Gate.
- McNaughton, S. 1993. Grasses and Grazers, Science and Management. Ecological Applications 3:17-20.
- McNaughton, S. 1968. Structure and Function in California Grasslands. Ecology 49:962-972. [Note 3]
- McNeal, D. 1992. New taxa and combinations in western North American Liliaceae. Phytologia 73: 307-311. Allium peninsulare Lemmon ex Greene var. franciscanum, var. nov. TYPE: UNITED STATES. California: San Mateo Co., Jasper Ridge Experimental Area . . .
- McNeal, D; Ownbey, M. 1977. Status of Allium-Serratum Liliaceae and Description of a New Species. Madrono 24: 24-29.
- Markos, S. 2005. Taxonomic changes in Lessingia. Madroño 52: 60-61.
- Markos, S; Baldwin, B.. 2001. Higher-level relationships and major lineages of Lessingia (Compositae, Astereae) based on nuclear rDNA internal and external transcribed spacer (ITS and ETS) sequences. Systematic Botany 26: 168-183..
- Merigan, T. 1999-. Plants, Trees, and Shrubs for non-botanists. Photographs of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford University.
- Millar, C. 1999. Evolution and biogeography of Pinus radiata, with a proposed revision of its quaternary history. Originally published in New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 29:335-365.
- Minnich, RA. 2008. California's Fading Wildflowers: Lost legacy and Biological Invasions. UC Press.
- Mock, B. 1941. Some ecological relationships of the vegetation of Lagunita Lake bed, Stanford University, 1940.
- Moeur, J. 1947. An ecological and taxonomic survey of the spermatophytes of Jasper Ridge. Thesis. Leland Stanford Junior University.
- Moldenke, A. 1970. Correspondence with JH Thomas. Additional taxa of vascular plants from Jasper Ridge.
- Moldenke, A. 1971. Studies on the species diversity of California plant communities. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University.
- Moldenke, A. 1975. Niche specialization and species diversity along a California transect. Oecologia 21: 219-242.
- Moloney, K; Chiariello, N. 1998. Yield-density functions as predictors of community structure in a serpentine grassland. J. of Ecology 86:749-764.
- Moloney, K; Levin, S; Chiariello, N; Buttel, L. 1992. Pattern and scale in a serpentine grassland. Theoretical Population Biology 41:257-276.
- Mooney, H. 1978-79. Jasper Ridge Plant Communities [Lecture Notes]. Reference to seven oaks at JR including Q. dumosa.
- Morgan, R. 2011. On Beyond Jepson power point | On Beyond Jepson handout
- Morgan, R. 2013. The de-lumping of Leptosiphon parviflorus.
- MROSD. 2016. Ten-year Status Report and Recommended Continuation of a Slender False Brome [Brachypodium sylvaticum] Integrated Pest Management Program.
- Neisser, D. 2016. Festuca Californica Mapping at JRBP. Is there a serpentine alliance?
- Neisser, D. 2018. Historical Timeline of the Dudley Herbarium.
- Neubauer, D. 2013. Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Santa Cruz County, California. 2 ed. California Native Plant Society, Santa Cruz County Chapter.
- Oakmead Herbarium and Collections of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve (hereafter Oakmead Herbarium).
- Oakmead Herbarium. Aquatic Plant Notes. Aquatic Plants in Searsville Lake, rev. 7/16/2013
- Oakmead Herbarium. Broom removal in mixed oak-California fescue woodland between trails 4 and 5 etc
- Oakmead Herbarium. Ferns and fern allies of the Santa Cruz Mountains
- Oakmead Herbarium. Githopsis.
- Oakmead Herbarium. Oak Notes.
- Oakmead Herbarium. Quercus berberidifolia.
- Oakmead Herbarium. Plant Family Characteristics.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 1971. Index for the Duncan Porter Report, 1962, and Additions, J.H. Thomas, 1971.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2005. Notes for Docent Class.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2005. Report for the Boething Tree Nursery for Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2007. Area H Mow Site Plant List and map.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2007. Plant Survey Upper Drainage, Big Inlet To Searsville Lake, Chaparral Edge, Bare Zone And Grassland East Of Drainage [Serpentine] and map.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2008. JRBP Status of Vascular Plants: A report produced as part of the State of the Preserve assessment.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2008. JRBP Status of Vascular Plants: Brown Bag Presentation.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2008. Some Invasive Plants On the Preserve
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2012. Plants of Searsville Lake and Wetlands South of Searsville Lake Including Middle and Upper Lake. Names Conformed to TJM2. Preliminary List.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2013. Lessingia hololeuca survey at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve 2012. (Teri Barry)
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2013. Field Observations 12/12/13.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2013. Selected Plant List by Family [folded handout]. After TJM2 ed.
- Oakmead Herbarium. 2015. Some Jasper Ridge Place Names.
- Porter, D. 1962. The vascular plants of the Jasper Ridge Biological Experimental Area of Stanford University with 1971 Suppl. By J.H. Thomas. Dept. Biol. Sciences. Research Report no. 2. Index (2003).
- Porter, R. 2000. John Thomas's loans from California Academy of Science. Memorandum to Philippe Cohen.
- Porter, R; Corelli, T. 1998. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Vascular Plant List.
- Porter, R: Corelli, T. 2002. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Stanford University Vascular Plant List. 2nd ed.
- Preston, K. n.d. Key to Fern Species at Jasper Ridge. Bio 120.
- Purcell, J. 1974. Influence of Host and Environment on the Distribution and Reproductive Success of Pedicularis densiflora. Biology 178 Project, Jasper Ridge Paper (Jr-74), SU Tecb-504 (Technical Reports), Stanford University, 26 p.
- Rawlings, J; Renshaw, D. 2005. A Simple Willow identification guide: leaf comparison and variation.
- Rawlings, J. 2006. Escobar Gate Area Grasses Part I: Native Grasses.
- Rawlings, J. 2007. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Serpentine Flora.
- Rawlings, J. 2008. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve's Serpentine Grassland. Grasslands (Spring): 8-11.
- Rawlings, J. 2012. Poales.
- Rawlings, J. 2013; Chiariello, N. A century and a half of plant observations. Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve 2012-2013 Annual Report.
- Rawlings, J. 2023. Current and Historic Willow Forest of the Searsville Area.
- Regnery, D. 1991. The history of Jasper Ridge: From Searsville pioneers to Stanford scientists. Stanford Historical Society.
- Renshaw, D. 2012. Preliminary Lichen Checklist (Excel)
- Renshaw, D. et al. 2012. Plants of Searsville Lake and Wetlands South of Searsville Lake Including Middle and Upper Lake. Names Conformed to TJM2. Preliminary List.
- Renshaw, D. 2016. Memorandum report: Lessingia hololeuca at Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, 21/9/2016.
- Renshaw, D. 2019. Common Lichens of Jasper Ridge (Note: 36 MB file, may download slowly).
- Repass, M. 1923. The Hermit mine . . . Thesis. Leland Stanford Junior University.
- Rodriguez-Rojo et al. 2001. Typology and ecology of Californian serpentine annual grasslands. J. of Vegetation Science. [Jasper ridge is the type locale for the authors' group 5.1b Hesperevacetum sparsiflorae lasthenietosum californicae association of serpentine annual grassland. Releve table 1b, p. 692 is the plant list.]
- Rosenthal, A. 1993. History Tour [Town of Searsville]. Views.
- Rosenthal, A. 1993. Jasper Ridge Oak Walk. Views. In Oakmead Herbarium, Oak Notes.
- Safford, H; Viers, J; Harrison, S. 2005. Serpentine Endemism in the California Flora: A Database of Serpentine Affinity. Madrono 52:222-257.
- San Mateo County Weed Management Area (WMA)
- Schiffman, P. 2000. Mammal Burrowig, Wratic Rainfall and the Annual Lifestyle in the California Prairie: Is it Time for a Paradigm Shift? In 2nd Interface between Ecology and Land Development in California. USGS OPen-File Report 00-62.
- Shevock, J. 2015. The amazing design of a moss leaf. BryoString 3:9-
- Shevock, J. 2010. A Proposal to Collect Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts, And Hornworts) from The Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve.
- Sigel, E.M; Windham, MD; Smith, AR et al. 2014. Rediscovery of Polypodium calirhiza (Polypodiaceae) in Mexico. Brittonia 66, 278–286.
- Sitkin, R. 1973. Baccharis invasion into grassland at Jasper Ridge. Undergraduate research paper.
- Smith, J. 2014. Field guide to grasses of California. UC Press. [Note 3.5]
- Springer, M. 1935. A floristic and ecologic study of Jasper Ridge. Thesis. Leland Stanford Junior University.
- Stanford Magazine, Spring/Summer 1975. Jasper Ridge: Stanford's Biological Preserve.
- Stanger, F. 1967. Sawmills In the Redwoods: Logging On the San Francisco Peninsula, 1849-1967. San Mateo County Historical Association
- Stegner, MA. 2023. The Searsville Lake Site (California, USA) as a candidate Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point for the Anthropocene Series.
- Steere, W. 1971. Artficial key to the more common genera and some species of California mosses, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area. Rewritten in the form of an indented key by John H. Thomas-- Fall, 1971.
- Steere, W. 1951. Tortula stanfordensis, a New Species from California. The Bryologist 54:119-123.
- Stephens, S; Fry, D. 2007. Fire History in Coast Redwood Stands in San Mateo County Parks and Jasper Ridge, Santa Cruz Mountains. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-194.
- Stromberg, M. et al. 2007. California Grasslands Ecology and Management.
- Sullivan, J; Nazaire, M. 2022. Specimen Collection and Preparation for a Changing Flora. Rhodora 123.
- Swiecki, T; Bernhardt, E. 2013. A Reference Manual for Managing Sudden Oak Death in California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-242. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
- Thomas, J. 1958. The Vascular Plants of the Santa Cruz Mountains of Central California. PhD Thesis, 2 v. (Affiliates only).
- Thomas, J. 1961. Flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains of California: a manual of the vascular plants. Stanford Univ. Press. Reviews:
- Benson, L. 1961. Science 134: 94-95.
- Bowerman, M. 1961. Madrono 16: 138-140.
- Ewan, J. : 297. The Quarterly Review of Biology 39: 297.
- Raven, P. Torreya 88: 365-366.
- Thomas, J. 1961. Additions, Corrections, and Notes to the Flora of the Santa Cruz Mountains of California, 6/7/1961.
- Thomas, J. 1961. The history of botanical collecting in the Santa Cruz Mountains of Central California . Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium 5:147-168.
- Thomas, J. 1974. Some Common Spring Plants of the Grasslands on Jasper Ridge.
- Thomas J. 1974-1975. List of Vascular Plants of a Serpentine Area at the Southern End of the San Francisco Watershed Reserve, San Mateo County, California. [Triangle adjacent to Edgewood Preserve and also the serpentine area south of Farm Hill Rd]
- Thomas, J. 1982. The Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve of Stanford University. Anarchist Press. [Note 4]
- Thomas, J. 1983. James Hickman correspondance about Limosella.
- Thomas, J. 1992. The Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve Teaching and Reference Collection of Vascular Plants.
- Timby, S. 1987. The landscape of the Palo Alto area in the early Spanish period: observations of the vegetation cover from original sources.
- Timby, S. 1998. The Dudley Herbarium: its origin, fate, and legacy at Stanford. Sandstone and Tile (22,4): 1-15.
- Tok, E. 2022. Make Your Own Herbarium: A Guide to Macrofunghi Collecion, Identification, and Preservation.
- Tom, M. 2008. Ecological impacts of French broom invasion management. Senior honors thesis. Department of Biology, Stanford University.
- Tucker, J. 1992 [Letter from John Tucker to Herb Dengler about Quercus douglasii x Q. durata, 12/5/1992]. "For me it is a first. And thanks for the specimen."
- Tucker, S. 2014. Catalog of Lichens, Lichenicoles and Allied Fungi in California (second revision).
- UC Berkeley. The University and Jepson Herbaria. Index to names in the new online treatments from the Jepson Manual.
- UC Berkeley. The University and Jepson Herbaria. Jepson eFlora.
- Vestal, A. 1925. Physiographic Control in California Grassland. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook, p. 337-38.
- Vestal, A. 1926. Soil Factors in California Grassland. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook, p. 348-50. [Note 5]
- Ward, N. 2024. The Potential of Herbarium Specimens in Capturing Historical Herbivory: A test of the consequences of global insect decline.
- Weiss, S. 1999. Cars, cows, and checkerspot butterflies: nitrogen deposition and management of nutrient-poor grasslands for a threatened species. Conservation Biology 13:1476-1486.
- Weiss, S. 2000. The Way Light Falls on the Landscape: Modeling Insolation. Views (Fall): 10-.
- Weiss, S. 2003. Serpentine grassland restoration at Edgewood Park. CNGA Grasslands 13:7.
- Weiss, S. 2006. Impacts of nitrogen deposition on California ecosystems and biodiversity. CEC-500-2005-165, California Energy Commission.
- Weiss, S. 2010. Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition and Conservation: ". . . the biggest global change nobody ever heard of. . ." http://www.creeksidescience.com/nitrogen.html (4/13/2010).
- Western Society of Soil Sciences. June 23, 1999. Field Trip.
- Williams, K; Hobbs, R; Hamburg, S. 1987. Invasion of an annual grassland in Northern California by Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea. Oecologia 72:461-465.
- Zabel, C. 1999-2005. Trail News. Includes in part the following reports:
- Zabel, C. 1999. Plant regrowth in the controlled burn.
- Zabel, C. 2002. Plant survey of Hermit's Cabin site and area bordered by Road F and trail to Goya Gate.
- Zabel, C. 2003. Index for the Duncan Porter Report, 1962, and Additions, J.H. Thomas, 1971.
- Zabel, C. 2003. Plants growing on serpentine areas that need to be protected.
- Zabel, C. 2003. Plants found and identified in JRBP by Carol Zabel/Ann Lambrecht since my last list of 9/6/02.
- Zabel, C. 2003. Jasper Ridge oaks and hybrid oaks. In Oakmead Herbariium Oak Notes.
Notes
.1) "The abrupt transition from serpentine to greenstone substratum was most clearly displayed by a change in species composition among the non-native annual grasses. Of the eleven species of non-native annual grasses found, only three occurred on both serpentine and greenstone grasslands. Hordeum sp. [H. marinum], Bromus mollis and Lolium multiflorum showed a disproportionate decline in frequency in the serpentine grassland during the drought relative to Vulpia microstachys (Table 4) but also declined to a lesser extent in the greenstone grassland. Lolium multiflorum, unlike the other two alien grass species, was affected by the drought to roughly the same extent in greenstone and serpentine grassland. The most common native annual grass, Vulpia microstachys, tolerated the combination of drought and serpentine substratum much better than did the non-native annual grasses." (p.225)
.3) The influential ecologist F.E. Clements hypothesis first presented in 1920 was that the bunchgrass Stipa pulchra dominated a climax, perennial grassland that constituted the pre-European vegetation of the Central Valley, valleys of southern California, and many areas of the Coast Ranges. See Hamilton (1997) for a critique of Clements' bunchgrass climax theory and differing views of the extent and composition of California's pre-European contact grasslands, including Cooper's (1922).
1) Herb Dengler wrote in a postscript to a letter dated April 18, 1962:
Fifty years ago, Dr. W. S. Cooper, then of Carnegie Institute, began his studies of broad-sclerophyll (Oakwood land-Chaparral) vegetation of  California on Jasper Ridge.  His work stands today as a classic. The  detailed instrumental studies -- the basis for his findings, were in 15 meter square quadrats (I'm not referring to the fenced quadrats seen on the Ridge today).  Anyway, I was fortunate in relocating these, and with photos supplied by Dr. Cooper, I have been able to make some interesting comparisons.  Almost plant for plant Chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), and Manzanita (Arctostaphylos crustacea) remain as they were then.  Some Adenostoma that were 18 inches tall then are still 18 inches tall, and little "scrub" oaks (Quercus durata) which were present then are only 3 feet tall. There is a whole sequence of surprising circumstances surrounding this comparison.  I've just about finished this problem.  Last month Dr. Cooper sent me all of his notes relating to a brush fire in the chaparral in 1912.  Twenty-three stumps of Adenostoma and one burned clump of Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) were left standing in one 15 meter square quadrat.  These all sprouted shortly, and flourished. The second year, the bare ground was covered with over 3000 herbs, but with succeeding years these did not appear because of the dense growth of Ceanothus, seedlings which gained ascendancy.  In 12 years the Ceanothus plants were 8 to 10 feet tall, seeming to surpass all else, but as is their habit, they died off so that by the end of the 15th year substantially all that was left were the original shrubs of Chamise and Toyon -- the same plants that existed before the fire. The course of this was in the complete absence of human disturbance. Hillside brush that composes the chaparral may not appear imposing, but the vitality of these plants is very great when left undisturbed and may vie with oaks and redwoods for length of life. Cooper Transect Mapped. (source: Nona Chiariello, email, 18 April 2007).
2) Google Scholar shows 80 citations to Hamilton's paper and the most recent edition of the Barbour (2007) Terrestrial Vegetation of California incorporates his deconstruction of the bunchgrass paradigm: Google Books Result books.google.com/books?isbn=0520249550.
2.5) "We conclude that effects of interference from non native annuals are important through all life stages of the native perennial N. pulchra. Our results suggest that persistence of native bunchgrasses may be enhanced by greater mortality of annual than perennial seedlings during drought, and possibly by reduced competition for water in wet years because of increased resource availability." Compare with findings of Armstrong, J; Huenneke, L. 1993.
2.6) Abstract:
We studied the dynamics of serpentine annual grassland in northern California over the period 1983–2002 in a replicated series of experimental plots comprising controls, gopher exclosures, and aboveground herbivore exclosures. Annual rainfall amount varied greatly during the study period, which included two major El Nino events and a period of prolonged below-average rainfall. Gopher disturbance was highly variable both spatially and temporally but was positively correlated with soil depth. Disturbance was reduced but not eliminated from the gopher exclosures and was significantly increased in the aboveground herbivore exclosures. Grassland dynamics were driven by rainfall amounts and distributions that had the most pronounced effects on the dominant plant species, while gopher disturbance had additional effects on the rarer species. Effects of excluding aboveground herbivores were swamped by a large increase in gopher disturbance within aboveground exclosures. Overall species numbers were reduced during a period of below-average rainfall but recovered in subsequent years. There was a large array of different responses of individual plant species to both rainfall and disturbance. Our results provide support for the "insurance" hypothesis, which suggests that biodiversity buffers ecosystem processes against environmental changes because different species (or phenotypes) respond differently to these changes, leading to functional compensations among species. Here, a species that was at very low abundance levels at the start of the study (Microseris douglasii) temporarily increased in abundance to become one of the dominant species in the grassland following a period of prolonged below-average rainfall. We also observed the repeated invasion of the serpentine grassland by the nonnative grass Bromus hordeaceus, which increased greatly in abundance following both of the major El Nino events. The results emphasize the importance of long-term observations in providing a context for shorter-term studies and allowing analysis of plant community responses to climate variation and disturbance, particularly in the face of ongoing global change.
2.7) "Fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus increased biomass of the resident vegetation substantially in the first season, and within two years allowed the invasion and dominance of non-native annual grasses in patches originally dominated by native annual forbs. Species richness declined with fertilization, as the increased biomass production by invaders sup- pressed some native forbs. Increased macronutrient availability can increase production on serpentine-derived soil, even when other serpentine characteristics (such as low Ca/Mg ratios and high heavy-metal concentrations) have not been mitigated. Observed changes in community structure and composition demonstrate that the invasibility of plant communities may be directly influenced by nutrient availability, independent of physical disturbance".
The implication is that the large size (and presumed competitive vigor) of annual grasses frequently allow them to exclude smaller forb species, unless grass biomass is severely limited, either by resource limitation or by frequent disturbance.
3) Methods and results. [Stipa pulchra was a dominant on his serpentine plots, constituting 30% of "total [above-ground] standing crop" (biomass), determined by harvesting, drying, and weighing. Bromus hordeaceus was 27% of the total biomass on serpentine. California poppy was next, 9%. On non-serpentine grassland the three most abundant species made up 77% of the standing crop: Bromus diandrus, 42%; B. hordeaceus, 22%; and Avena fatua, 13%. He finds dominance and diversity are inversely related and increased productivity is generated by increased dominance. "The grasslands, however, show no relationship between stability and productivity, dominance, or diversity", which I take to mean that the grasslands are essentially recreated de novo each season, and composition and abundance varies, often unpredictably. This is essentially the finding of Hobbs and Mooney (2007). What is particularly interesting is McNaughton's statement, or intuition, that the current annual grasslands are likely more similar to the vegetation that would dominate in the elimination of further disturbance (such as grazing and fire) than the presumed "original prairies" of perennial grasses. McNaughton has been subsequently cited by writers (e.g., Wester, 1981) expressing doubt that the bunch grasslands were as extensive as had been assumed (Burcham, 1957; Heady, 1977).
3.5) James Smith writes, "I do not want to discourage you, but you will not be able to identify every grass that you run through the key in this book or any other, for that matter. Let us stipulate that your unknown grass is included in the key. Here are the potential problems. Your plant is too immature or too old to show you the features used in the key, or you may have top- snatched it so that annual versus perennial or rhizomes- stolons present or absent cannot be determined. Furthermore, you are dealing with living plants that exhibit biological variation. Your plant may be unusually large or stunted, so its spikelet size does not quite fit the description; its lemmas are awned, but they are not "supposed" to be. It seems to have the characters of two species— which may very well be the case because it is a hybrid, and the family is notorious for this phenomenon. I was told a wonderful story about Agnes Chase of the Smithsonian Institution and Ledyard Stebbins of the University of California at Davis. Both were acknowledged experts on grasses. Chase is reported to have said, "Oh, Ledyard, every time you can’t identify a grass, you claim that it is a hybrid!" We also have to admit that the fault might lie with you or me. You misread the key or you were sloppy in your observations or measurements. Or I may be the culprit by constructing key steps that simply do not work properly or by describing the plants incorrectly."
4) Prof. Thomas discusses "one experiment to illustrate the current work at the Preserve and to emphasize the interdependency of all scholarship." The example being the Microseris study begun by Dr. James Price and Dr. Kenton Chambers.
5) Vestal wrote in 1926: "Invasions of the weedy grassland by Baccharis and Rhus diversiloba can be observed, [on Jasper Ridge] and the frequent germination of acorns would result in establishment of many young trees if it were not for the intense competition of wild oats, and the repeated burning, cutting, grazing, and trampling to which the fields are subject". Also see Bocek and Reese, 1992, "Ranching and Farming" in Land Use History of Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, pp. 46-87; Franco, 1976, Grazing Effects on Oak Distribution in Jasper Ridge and Adjacent Areas. Vestal left Stanford in 1929 for the University of Illinois, to take the position of assistant professor of plant ecology. The Stanford Daily (11 July 1929) reported:
"For the past few years Dr. Vestal has conducted experiments at Stanford regarding the results of grazing and variations of water supply on different pasture lands. The purpose of this is to find methods of restoring valuable regions that have become barren. On Jasper ridge, Vestal has erected instruments to measure rainfall and has fenced off pasture lands for the purpose of experiments and observation. He intends to return year after year and note the process and conditions of rehabilitating on these purposely over-grazed sections. The results will be assembled, and it is hoped that a better understanding of the methods of protecting verdant grazing land and restoring over-grazed country will result."
The literature on sheep and cattle grazing effects on plant communities, their removal, adaptation of native grasses to large grazing mammals, and related questions is extensive and frequently the conclusions are contradictory. There is also an extensive literature on the destructive consequences of overgrazing (Fleischner, 1994). Naveh & Whittaker (1979) describe a continuum of floristic changes and species richness (in shrub and open woodland) under different grazing regimes, with the lowest values for their functional groups (annual forbs, annual legumes, perennial herbs, annual grasses) at the extremes of the grazing gradient. This phenomena also applies to some grasslands. As noted above, Stuart Weiss believes grazing, fire, and mowing are important management tools for preserving or recovering native plant diversity in grasslands, though any particular method may not be suitable for any specific circumstance. This view is supported by other workers (Edwards, 1992, 1995; Murphy & Ehrlich, 1989; Marty, 2005). Weiss writes (1999, p. 1485) in reference to Bay Area serpentine grasslands:
"The invasive grasses that have dramatically changed California's grasslands are poised to dominate the last refugia [serpentine grasslands] for the native grassland flora and fauna, given the chance. That chance is provided by smog-induced fertilization, but only with the additional land-use change of removing grazing . . . It is ironic that grazing, which has contributed so greatly to the transformation of California's native grasslands, may prove necessary for their maintenance . . ."
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