The effect of 18 sequential applications of malathion-bait spray (over a seven month period) on the spatial structure of the parasite guild associated with the gall midge Rhopalomyia californica (Felt) was assessed. Analysis of >140 galls collected from both the spray zone (Woodside) and an adjacent untreated area (Jasper Ridge) on Mar. 30, 1982 revealed that total percent parasitization was lower in the treated area. Subsequent analysis of guild structure was carried out using the midge gall as the spatial scale of interest. Galls are multichambered and can contain 50 or more host larvae per gall; galls containing parasitized hosts can contain more than one species of parasite. However, bait sprays had no effect on the number of parasite species per gall-i.e., the frequencies of galls containing zero, one, two, and three species were virtually identical. In both areas, total percent parasitization was highest in galls exploited by three parasite species, intermediate in galls exploited by two species, and lowest in single-species galls; however, in each case, parasitization was highest in the unsprayed area. Finally, total percent parasitization in relation to gall size (larvae per gall) was directly density dependent in the control area, but density independent in the spray zone. The differences in spatial structure detected in the parasite guild were attributable to the effect of malathion on individuals, rather than species. It is suggested that analysis of the spatial structure of a parasite guild may be of some value in applied biological control.